domingo, 21 de abril de 2013

Breathing and respiration
We breathe without thinking. Breathing is and involuntary action. It’s controlled by a part of the brain that also controls heart beat. Breathing is just the process of inhalation and exhalation.
Inhalation is when you take air from your nose trough your mouth.
Exhalation is when you push air through your nose and mouth.
The most important muscles in the process are the diaphragm and rib. They contract when you inhale and relax when you exhale.
There is a exchange of gasses that happen in tiny sacs called alveoli. The exchange is between the lungs and the heart.
Respiration
Respiration is the process of getting oxygen into the body and realizing carbon dioxide. Respiration includes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the cells.


Respiration system
The lungs are the principal organs of the respiratory system.There are other organs involve. The respiratory system is made up of organs that allow to enter oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Organs of the respiratory system
  • Nose
  • Mouth
  • Larynx
  • Pharynx
  • Lungs 
  • Diaphragm
How Respiration Works
Nasal cavity maintain warm the air you breath. The nose hair catch particles from the air and keep them from entering to the lung. Then the air passes trough the pharynx. Then it goes to the larynx that is found below the pharynx. The air goes to the trachea that leads down the lungs where it divides into the right and left bronchi and
goes trough the alveoli.

BREATHING PROCESS
Breathing is the involuntary process that moves air in and out of our lungs. It also is when a gas exchange takes place, bringing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. Breathing carries oxygen to all our body through the blood stream, so during the breathing process we use both the respiratory system and the circulatory system.
Breathing begins when we inhale, or breath in oxygen, and it moves into the alveoli, sacs in our lungs where gas exchange occurs. In the alveoli the oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream where the blood rich in oxygen is pumped to the heart. After the blood reaches the heart it is pumped through
the aorta.
From the aorta, oxygen-rich blood moves through all the arteries and capilleries in our bodies.
The oxygen then is difused from the capilleries into the body cells where it spreads throughout the body.
while this happens, the carbon dioxide molecules do the opposite and move from the body cells into the capilleries, where it is pumped back to the heart and into the lungs. From the lungs we exhale and breath out the carbon dioxide.


Respiratory diseases



There are many diseases that are found in the muscles, tissues, and organs that make up our respiratory system. They can range from a mild cold to even severe diseases, such as lung cancer. The milder illnesses that can be treated with antibiotics are Bronchitis, Asthma, and Pneumonia. The more sever diseases that are harder to cure are Tuberculosis and Lung cancer.

BRONCHITIS
Bronchitis is when the bronchi become red and swollen, and make it more difficult for air to move in and out of our lungs. This is caused by bacteria and/or viruses that reach the bronchi and cause them to become inflamed. Acute bronchitis can be cured with antibiotics.

ASTHMA
Asthma is a chronic illness meaning that it never goes away. It is when the bronchioles and bronchi become inflamed. Some symptoms are difficulty breathing, tight chest, and wheezing. Asthma is caused by allergies (dust, pollen, foods, molds, animals, medicines, etc.), warm air, cold air, moist air, smoking, pollution/factory fumes, exercise, and stress, and it is not contagious. Many people with asthma still lead healthy active lives and use an inhaler, which helps the muscles around the bronchi to relax and allows there to be a better flow of air.

PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia is a disease when alveoli become inflamed. This is a pretty common disease and is caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites that enter the lungs and cause the alveoli to swell. People from all age groups can get this illness, but it is easily treated with antibiotics.
TUBERCULOSIS
Tuberculosis is a common, but deadly, disease caused by a certain kind of bacteria called Mycobacterium. The infection is usually found in the lungs, but can spread throughout the whole body. Some symptoms are a severe cough, coughing up blood, fever, and weight loss. This is very contagious and can spread easily through the infected person coughing and sneezing. About half of the people infected with tuberculosis die if they are left untreated. The treatment requires a long period of antibiotics.
LUNG CANCER
Lung cancer is a severe disease that affects the growth of cells in our lungs. The tumor affects how the tissue grows, and can easily spread throughout the body without any treatment. This is a very serious disease and is the number one cause of death in men in the United States, and the second cause of death in women after breast cancer.


Respiration health
Life style disease
Life style disease are caused by or own choice. For example when you choose to smoke you can have cancer and heart disease. You can also make healthy choices. There are many choices you can take to keep your self healthy.
Avoid Smoking
No smoking is the most effective way to reduce your risk of developing respiration diseases.
Eat, Exercise and Rest
If you eat well and sleep the time you should and exercise well. You help to keep your cardiovascular system and immune system strong.
Wash your hands
You kill viruses when you wash your hands. That is an easy way to avoid getting sick.

In conclution its important to kow how your body works and how to take care. Hope this information help you to understand the respiratorial system.
Sources picturesPICTURE




jueves, 4 de abril de 2013

Cardiatic System


 Components of Blood

Blood is a fluid connective tissue that is made out of red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets. The cells are pictured below. Each cell has a different function.

Red Blood Cells

Red Blood Cells or RBC are the cells that carry the oxygen. RBC have hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that gives the blood its red color and carries the oxygen. RBC are made in the bone marrow, they do not have nucleus, wich allows them to carry more oxygen.

White Blood Cells

White Blood Cells or WBC are the cells that defend the body against bacteria and viruses. Most WBC are made in the bone marrow and the other in the lymphatic system. WBC have a nucleus. There are three types of WBC wich are listed below.


Name


Function


Neutrophils


Swallows bacteria and parasites.


Macrophages


Swallow and destroy old dying cells, bacteria, and viruses.


Lymphocytes


Fight infections caused by viruses and bacteria.


Plasma

Plasma is the fluid part of the blood. It is 90% water and 10% dissolved proteins and hormones. Blood is made up mostly from plasma.

Platelets

Platelets are not cells but they are very important for blood cloting. When a vessel gets cut the platelets stick to the injured area and release chemicals that make RBC to form a web to stop the blood from coming out.

Blood types

There are four blood types; A, B, AB, O. The type of each blood describes the antigens and antibodies that the blood has in its RBC. The description of each type is listed below.
Type


Antigens


Antibodies
A
A
B
B
B
A
AB
AB
NONE
O
NONE
A and B

 Antigens

They are cells like bacteria.
Antibodies
They are the cells that attack the bacteria.
Universal donor and recipent
A person with Type O blood is an universal donor because they can donate blood to anyone because it does not have antigens so the antibodies of the other blood would not attack. A person with Type AB blood is an universal recipent because they do not have antibodies so they antigens of the blood that is being transfussioning would not be attacked.

The Rhesus Factor

The rhesus factor is an antigen that determines if your blood is positive or negative. If you have the Rhesus factor your blood is posituve and if you do not have it your blood is negative 

Blood Diseases

Blood Diseases involve red blood cells, or erythrocytes, which are the most common type of blood cell. Blood diseases can also reach white blood cells and platelets. Many blood diseases are genetic, however, a person can also get them by not eating properly, poor nutrition, and not having all the nutrients the body need.  One of the most common diseases is Anemia, a condition that develops when the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin. Among other blood deceases, we can name Sickle-cells Anemia, Blood cancer and Hemophilia.

Anemia

This decease occurs when there is not enough hemoglobin in the blood to carry oxygen to the body cells. Anemia leads to a lack of oxygen in organs. This disease can be caused by a loss of blood from a bleeding wound or a slow leak of blood and also the destructions of red blood cell or a lack of red blood cells. People with anemia, generally, feel tired, light headed, they also may have poor concentration. The most common type of Anemia is due to Iron-deficiency. Anemia is more common in women.

Sickle Cell Anemia


 

An abnormal-shaped hemoglobin causes Sickle Cell Anemia. The red blood cells of a person with sick cell anemia are long and curved, as result, the shape cause them to get stuck in narrow blood cells. The disease is not curable, but it can be treated with medicines and therapy. The abnormal cell cannot carry oxygen properly affecting all other organs in the human body and can get stuck in capillaries.

Blood cancer


There are two types of blood cancer: Leukemia and Lymphoma. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone narrow. It characterized by abnormal production of blood cells, usually white blood cells. Lymphoma is a cancer of a part of the immune system called the lymphatic system. There are many types of lymphoma. One type is called Hodgkin disease. The rest are called non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Hemophilia


Hemophilia is how doctors call a group of hereditary diseases that effect the ability to control blood clotting. It is usually inherited. Hemophilia most often shows up in males. If a person has hemophilia, they have little or no clotting factor. Clotting factor is a protein needed for normal blood clotting and without it; an individual may bleed for a long time after an injury or accident.
Blood pressure

Healthy Blood Pressure Ranges


Blood pressure occurs when circulating blood puts pressure on the walls of blood vessels. It causes abnormal beating of your heart. The systolic is the pressure of blood vessels when heart beats. This is the time when there is the highest pressure in the arteries.

Healthy Blood Pressure Ranges are:

Systolic: 100-120
Diastolic: 60-80

Pressure varies with exercise, emotions, sleep, stress, nutrition or drugs. Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer

Hypertension


Hypertension Or high blood pressure is when a person blood pressure is high. Hypertension is also called a silent killer because hyper tension does not have any symptoms High blood pressure is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. It’s important to know if you have a high blood pressure, so it can treated before it is too late.  Sources. Imagenes
By:  Kerstin Henningsson and Ignacio Calderon